Gabon is a republic in which the presidency sits at the center of national executive authority. Brice Oligui Nguema serves as President of Gabon, combining the roles of head of state and head of government under the country's constitutional framework.
Gabon is a presidential republic under the Constitution adopted after the 2023 military transition and approved in a 2024 referendum. The transition formally ended with the 2025 presidential election and the inauguration of an elected president. Under the new constitutional design, the president is both head of state and the central executive authority; the office of prime minister was removed, concentrating executive responsibility in the presidency and government appointed under it.
Legislative authority is exercised through a bicameral parliament consisting of the National Assembly and Senate. The restored parliament passes legislation, approves public finances, and exercises the constitutional oversight functions assigned to it. Judicial institutions include courts responsible for constitutional and ordinary legal matters.
Gabon is a unitary state. The post-transition system therefore differs from the temporary institutions used after the 2023 coup and should be understood as the new constitutional order established through the 2024–25 political process.
