Barbados's republican system places day-to-day executive leadership in the hands of the government, with a separate head of state performing constitutional duties. Mia Mottley serves as Prime Minister of Barbados and leads the national government.
Barbados is a parliamentary republic. The head of state is a president whose role is generally representative, constitutional, or limited, while day-to-day executive authority is exercised by a prime minister and cabinet. The government normally depends on the confidence of parliament, so the composition of the legislative majority is central to forming and sustaining the executive.
Legislative authority is exercised through a bicameral national parliament. The two chambers share responsibility for passing laws and approving public finances, with their precise powers and methods of selection defined by the constitution. Parliamentary committees and plenary sessions provide formal mechanisms for scrutiny, while the courts are institutionally separate and may review government action as permitted by law.
Barbados is a unitary state, meaning sovereign authority is principally vested in national institutions, although local and regional governments exercise powers assigned by law. The constitution defines the relationship among the executive, legislature, judiciary, and subnational administration. Political authority is exercised through the constitutional institutions described above, with elections, parliamentary confidence, or other constitutional procedures determining who holds office.
