Syria's current political order is transitional, with governing arrangements shaped by recent conflict, military intervention or an incomplete constitutional transition. Ahmed al-Sharaa serves as President of Syria under the present framework.
Syria is governed under a transitional political framework established after the fall of Bashar al-Assad's government in December 2024. A transitional president was appointed in early 2025, and a constitutional declaration issued in March 2025 set out an interim system for a multi-year transition. A new government was formed to administer the state while institutions are restructured and a permanent constitutional settlement is developed.
An interim legislature was selected in 2025 under the transitional arrangements rather than through the pre-2024 constitutional system. The transitional framework gives the presidency substantial authority while providing for legislative and judicial institutions during the interim period. The legal and institutional order remains in development rather than fully settled.
Syria is formally a unitary state, but the transition must also address areas long administered by Kurdish-led authorities and the effects of years of civil war. Agreements reached in 2025–26 have sought to integrate competing armed and administrative structures into the national state.
