Belarus operates under a presidential republic political structure. The country is often characterized as an authoritarian regime, with the President of Belarus holding significant executive powers and influence. The President serves as the head of state and government and is elected through a popular vote. However, concerns have been raised about the fairness and transparency of elections in Belarus.

The parliament of Belarus is a bicameral legislature known as the National Assembly. It consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Council of the Republic. Members of the House of Representatives are elected through a mixed electoral system, while members of the Council of the Republic are appointed. The parliament is responsible for enacting laws and exercising legislative oversight, but its powers are often limited compared to the executive branch. Belarus has been criticized for limitations on political freedoms, including restrictions on freedom of expression, assembly, and association. There have been concerns raised about human rights abuses, lack of media independence, and suppression of political opposition. The judiciary in Belarus is not independent and is often subject to political influence.

It is important to note that the political structure in Belarus has faced significant international scrutiny and criticism for its undemocratic practices. Calls for democratic reforms and respect for human rights continue to be voiced by the international community and human rights organizations.