Belize operates under a parliamentary democracy political structure. The country is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with the British monarch as the ceremonial head of state. The Governor-General represents the monarch in Belize, performing symbolic duties. The head of government is the Prime Minister, who holds executive powers and is the leader of the majority party or coalition in the parliament.

The parliament of Belize is a bicameral legislature, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Members of the House of Representatives, known as Representatives, are elected through a first-past-the-post system in individual constituencies. The Senate consists of appointed members, including those recommended by the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition, and other official bodies. The parliament is responsible for making laws, approving the national budget, and providing legislative oversight. Belize has an independent judiciary that operates separately from the legislative and executive branches. The judiciary ensures the interpretation and application of the law, upholds justice, and protects the rights of individuals. The highest court in Belize is the Belize Court of Appeal, which serves as the final appellate court for the country.

Belize’s political structure upholds democratic principles, including the separation of powers, regular elections, and protection of individual rights and freedoms. The system promotes checks and balances and the rule of law in the country.