Brazil operates under a federal presidential constitutional republic political structure. The country is a federal state composed of 26 states and one federal district. Brazil has a President who serves as both the head of state and government. The President is elected by popular vote for a four-year term and can be re-elected for one consecutive term. The President holds significant executive powers and is responsible for leading the government, implementing policies, and representing Brazil domestically and internationally.

The legislative branch in Brazil is a bicameral legislature known as the National Congress. It consists of two chambers: the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate. Members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected through a proportional representation system, while Senators are elected on a statewide basis. The National Congress is responsible for making laws, approving the national budget, and exercising legislative oversight over the executive branch. Brazil also has an independent judiciary that operates separately from the legislative and executive branches. The judiciary ensures the interpretation and application of the law, upholds justice, and protects the rights of individuals. The Supreme Federal Court is the highest court in Brazil and serves as the final appellate instance.

Brazil’s political structure is designed to uphold democratic principles, including the separation of powers, regular elections, and protection of individual rights and freedoms. However, it is important to note that Brazil faces challenges related to corruption, inequality, and political polarization, which have impacted its political landscape. Efforts to strengthen democratic institutions, combat corruption, and promote social and economic inclusion continue in Brazil.