Chad operates under a semi-presidential republic political structure. The country is a republic, where the President of Chad serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The President is elected by popular vote for a five-year term and holds significant executive powers. The President appoints the Prime Minister, who leads the government and is responsible for implementing policies.

The parliament of Chad is a bicameral legislature known as the National Assembly. It consists of two chambers: the National Assembly and the Senate. Members of the National Assembly are elected through a direct vote, while Senators are appointed by the President. The parliament is responsible for making laws, approving the national budget, and exercising legislative oversight over the executive branch. Chad also has a judiciary system that operates independently from the legislative and executive branches. The judiciary ensures the interpretation and application of the law, upholds justice, and protects the rights of individuals. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Chad and serves as the final appellate instance.

Chad has faced challenges related to political stability, security issues, and human rights concerns. There have been instances of political unrest, armed conflicts, and limitations on political freedoms. Efforts to strengthen democratic institutions, promote stability, and address these challenges are ongoing in Chad.