Comoros operates under a federal presidential republic political structure. The country is a federal republic, with the President of the Union of the Comoros serving as both the head of state and the head of government. The President is elected by popular vote for a five-year term and can be re-elected once. The President holds significant executive powers and is responsible for leading the government, implementing policies, and representing Comoros domestically and internationally.

The government of Comoros is organized into three semi-autonomous islands: Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Mohéli. Each island has its own president and local government, which has a certain level of authority and autonomy over local matters. The President of the Union of the Comoros serves as the central authority and coordinates policies and affairs that affect the entire country.Comoros has a unicameral legislature known as the Assembly of the Union. Members of the Assembly are elected through a direct vote. The Assembly is responsible for making laws, approving the national budget, and exercising legislative oversight over the executive branch. Comoros also has a judiciary system that operates independently from the legislative and executive branches. The judiciary ensures the interpretation and application of the law, upholds justice, and protects the rights of individuals. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Comoros and serves as the final appellate instance.

It is important to note that Comoros has faced political instability and conflicts throughout its history. There have been instances of political tensions, coup attempts, and challenges related to governance and development. Efforts to promote stability, strengthen democratic institutions, and address social and economic issues are ongoing in Comoros.