Cuba is governed by a socialist system with a single-party communist regime, led by the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC), which wields extensive control over the nation’s political landscape. The President serves as the head of state, yet lacks the comprehensive executive powers seen in other countries, reflecting the central role of the PCC in governing and policy-making. This structure supports a centrally planned economy and a significant government role across societal sectors, with the National Assembly of People’s Power, elected via a single-party system, enacting laws, approving budgets, and overseeing governance, under the pervasive influence of the Communist Party.

The Cuban judiciary, while tasked with upholding law and justice, operates under the Party’s guidance, with its independence compromised by political and party directives. This political framework has led to constrained political freedoms, limitations on expression and assembly, and tight media control. Despite state-driven achievements in healthcare, education, and social welfare, Cuba’s political and governance systems are subjects of international debate and critique, especially regarding human rights, political diversity, and the suppression of opposition. While Cuba has seen economic reforms, political transformation has proceeded slowly, highlighting the complexities and challenges within its unique political structure.