Cyprus operates under a presidential republic political structure. The country is a republic, where the President of Cyprus serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The President is elected by popular vote for a five-year term and holds significant executive powers. The President is responsible for leading the government, implementing policies, and representing Cyprus domestically and internationally.

Cyprus has a unique political structure due to its division into the internationally recognized Republic of Cyprus and the northern part, which is occupied by Turkish forces and declared as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). The TRNC is recognized only by Turkey. Efforts to reunify the island have been ongoing, and negotiations have taken place to find a comprehensive solution. The Republic of Cyprus has a unicameral legislature known as the House of Representatives. Members of the House of Representatives are elected through a proportional representation system. The House of Representatives is responsible for making laws, approving the national budget, and providing legislative oversight over the executive branch. Cyprus also has an independent judiciary that operates separately from the legislative and executive branches. The judiciary ensures the interpretation and application of the law, upholds justice, and protects the rights of individuals. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Cyprus and serves as the final appellate instance.

The political structure in Cyprus faces challenges related to the division of the island and the ongoing dispute between the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Efforts to reach a comprehensive settlement and promote reunification continue. The political structure of Cyprus upholds democratic principles, including the separation of powers, regular elections, and protection of individual rights and freedoms.