Egypt is a democratic republic, though its political system has often been characterized as semi-presidential. The President of Egypt serves as the head of state, while the Prime Minister acts as the head of government. The President is elected by absolute majority vote through a two-round system, and he appoints the Prime Minister who must be approved by the House of Representatives, the country’s legislative authority.

The Egyptian legislative branch is composed of the House of Representatives, a unicameral body with 596 members serving five-year terms. Most members are elected by an absolute majority vote in two rounds, but a portion is reserved for female members and workers and farmers. The House of Representatives is vested with numerous powers including passing legislation, ratifying treaties, and approving the state budget.

The judiciary in Egypt is independent and includes both civil and criminal courts. The highest court is the Supreme Constitutional Court, which is tasked with interpreting the constitution and assessing the constitutionality of laws. Egypt’s legal system is largely based on French and Islamic law. The country is administratively divided into 27 governorates, each headed by an appointed governor. Egypt’s political landscape is diverse, with numerous political parties participating in the country’s democratic processes. However, it has faced criticism for restrictions on political freedoms and human rights issues.