The political structure of Haiti is characterized by a semi-presidential republic system, with a complex interplay between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The President of Haiti serves as the head of state and is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. The President appoints the Prime Minister, who is the head of government and leads the Council of Ministers. This dual executive structure is intended to provide a balance of power between the President and the Prime Minister.

The legislative branch in Haiti consists of two chambers: the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Senate is composed of 30 members, with three senators elected from each of the 10 administrative departments of the country. Senators serve six-year terms, with one-third of the Senate seats up for election every two years. The Chamber of Deputies, on the other hand, is made up of 119 members who are elected by popular vote for four-year terms. The Parliament is responsible for enacting laws, approving the national budget, and providing oversight of the executive branch.

The judiciary in Haiti is designed to be independent of the executive and legislative branches. The Supreme Court serves as the highest judicial authority in the country, overseeing the lower courts and ensuring the rule of law. However, the judiciary has faced challenges in terms of resources, capacity, and corruption, which have hindered the effective functioning of the justice system. Additionally, Haiti has experienced significant political instability throughout its history, with frequent changes in leadership, coups, and challenges to democratic governance. These factors have contributed to a fragile political structure and hindered the country’s ability to address socioeconomic issues and ensure stable governance.