Kazakhstan’s political structure is a presidential republic. The President of Kazakhstan serves as the head of state and the highest authority in the country. The political system of Kazakhstan is outlined in its constitution, which was adopted in 1995 and has been amended since then.

The executive branch is led by the President, who is elected by popular vote for a term of seven years. The President holds significant powers and is responsible for leading the government, setting policies, and representing Kazakhstan domestically and internationally. The President appoints the Prime Minister, who serves as the head of government and oversees the implementation of policies and day-to-day administration.

The legislature in Kazakhstan is a bicameral parliament known as the Parliament of Kazakhstan. It consists of the Senate (Upper House) and the Mazhilis (Lower House). The Senate has 47 members, with two representatives elected from each region by the regional parliaments. The Mazhilis has 107 members, with deputies elected through a system of proportional representation. The Parliament has the authority to pass laws, approve the national budget, and exercise oversight over the government.

The judiciary in Kazakhstan operates independently and is responsible for interpreting and applying the law. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the country. Other specialized courts, such as the Constitutional Council and the Supreme Court of Arbitration, handle specific legal matters.

Kazakhstan also has a system of local government, with regions and districts governed by local executive bodies. Local elections are held to elect representatives to these bodies. Overall, Kazakhstan’s political structure is characterized by a strong presidential system, with significant powers vested in the President. The system also includes a parliament that provides legislative oversight and a judiciary that ensures the rule of law.