Lithuania operates as a parliamentary republic, with a political structure based on democratic principles and the separation of powers. The political landscape of Lithuania is shaped by a multi-party system, where political parties play a significant role in the functioning of the government.

At the heart of Lithuania’s political structure is the Seimas, the unicameral parliament of the country. The Seimas consists of 141 members who are elected by proportional representation for a four-year term. The Seimas is responsible for enacting laws, approving the national budget, and exercising oversight over the government. The government is formed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President and approved by the Seimas, and a Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister and the government are responsible for implementing policies and managing the affairs of the country.

The President of Lithuania serves as the head of state and is elected by popular vote for a term of five years. While the President’s powers are largely ceremonial, the office holds some important executive powers, such as appointing the Prime Minister and representing Lithuania internationally.

The judiciary in Lithuania is independent and is responsible for interpreting and applying the law. The Supreme Court serves as the highest judicial authority, and lower courts handle various legal matters. The political structure of Lithuania is designed to ensure the rule of law, democratic governance, and the protection of individual rights and freedoms.