Malaysia operates as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy, with a political structure that combines democratic governance, a constitutional framework, and a hereditary monarchy.

At the apex of the political structure is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, who is the King of Malaysia. The position of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is rotated among the nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states, with the King serving as the ceremonial head of state. The Prime Minister, chosen from the elected members of the Parliament, holds the executive power and serves as the head of government.

The legislative branch in Malaysia is represented by the Parliament, which consists of two houses: the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) and the Dewan Negara (Senate). The Dewan Rakyat has members elected through a first-past-the-post system, while the Dewan Negara consists of appointed members representing different states. The Parliament is responsible for enacting laws, debating policies, and approving the national budget.

The judiciary in Malaysia is independent and ensures the interpretation and application of the law. The Federal Court is the highest judicial authority in the country and hears appeals on constitutional and other significant matters. Lower courts, such as the High Court and Sessions Court, handle civil and criminal cases.

Political parties play a vital role in Malaysia’s political landscape, with elections being held regularly to determine the composition of the Parliament and state legislatures. However, it is important to note that Malaysia’s political system has faced some criticism in terms of transparency, electoral processes, and limitations on freedom of expression.

In conclusion, Malaysia’s political structure is characterized by a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The King holds a ceremonial role, while the Prime Minister and the elected government exercise executive authority. The Parliament enacts laws and provides legislative oversight, while the judiciary operates independently. Malaysia’s political system strives to uphold democratic principles and protect the rights and welfare of its citizens.