Mexico has a federal republic political structure. It is officially known as the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) and operates under a constitution established in 1917. Mexico’s political system consists of three branches:

1. Executive Branch: The President of Mexico is both the head of state and head of government. The president is elected to a single six-year term and is responsible for the administration of the federal government.

2. Legislative Branch: Mexico has a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Senate (Senado) and the Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados). Senators serve six-year terms, with half of the Senate up for election every three years. Deputies serve three-year terms. The Congress of the Union is responsible for making and passing federal laws.

3. Judicial Branch: The judiciary is independent and is responsible for interpreting and upholding the law. The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación) is the highest court in Mexico.

Mexico is a federal republic, meaning it is divided into 31 states and one federal district (now Mexico City), each with its own constitution and government structure. These states have a degree of autonomy and are governed by local executives, legislatures, and judiciaries.