Namibia operates as a democratic republic with a multi-tiered system of government. The President of Namibia serves as both the head of state and head of government, elected by popular vote for a maximum of two five-year terms. The President appoints the Cabinet, which is responsible for executive functions. The bicameral Parliament consists of the National Assembly (lower house) and the National Council (upper house). Members of the National Assembly are elected through a mixed-member proportional representation system, while the National Council represents regional constituencies.

Namibia’s political landscape is characterized by a dominant party system, with the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO) historically playing a central role. Local governance is organized into regional councils and local authorities, each with its elected representatives. The judiciary is independent, and the highest court is the Supreme Court of Namibia. The country has a commitment to the principles of democracy and the rule of law, enshrined in its constitution adopted in 1990 upon gaining independence. Namibia’s political structure reflects a dedication to inclusive governance, regional representation, and addressing historical disparities while navigating the challenges of economic development and social equality.