Niger operates as a semi-presidential republic. The President of Niger serves as the head of state and is elected by popular vote for a maximum of two five-year terms. The President appoints the Prime Minister, who serves as the head of government and oversees the Cabinet. The National Assembly is the legislative branch and is unicameral, with members elected by popular vote. Niger has experienced periods of political change, including democratic transitions and military coups, but it has maintained a commitment to multi-party democracy since the early 1990s.

The judiciary in Niger is independent, and the Constitutional Court serves as the highest court, overseeing constitutional matters. Niger’s political landscape is characterized by a multi-party system, with the dominance of political parties evolving over time. Local governance is organized into regions, departments, and communes, each with its elected officials. The country faces challenges related to economic development, security, and environmental issues.

Despite these challenges, Niger’s political structure reflects efforts to uphold democratic principles and maintain stability through a combination of elected and appointed officials.