Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic political structure with a federal system of government. The country follows a constitutional framework established in 1973, which defines the political system and the distribution of powers between the federal government and the provinces. The President is the ceremonial head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government and holds significant executive powers.

At the federal level, Pakistan has a bicameral legislature consisting of the National Assembly (Lower House) and the Senate (Upper House). The National Assembly is the more powerful of the two, with 342 members elected through direct voting. The Senate, on the other hand, has 104 members, with each province having an equal number of seats. The federal legislature is responsible for enacting laws, approving the budget, and overseeing the executive branch.

The political structure of Pakistan also includes the provincial governments. Pakistan is divided into four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan, along with two autonomous territories, Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Each province has its own Chief Minister and Provincial Assembly, which have the authority to legislate on matters within their respective jurisdictions. The provincial governments play a crucial role in implementing policies and managing the affairs of their regions.

It is worth noting that Pakistan has a multi-party system, with various political parties competing for power at the federal and provincial levels. The two prominent parties are the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), though other parties such as the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) and Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) also hold significant influence. Elections are held every five years, allowing citizens to participate in the democratic process and choose their representatives at various levels of government.