Portugal, officially known as the Portuguese Republic, is a democratic country located on the western coast of the Iberian Peninsula in Southern Europe. It operates as a semi-presidential republic with a multi-party system. The political structure of Portugal is defined by its constitution, which was adopted in 1976 and has undergone amendments since then.

At the top of the political structure is the President of Portugal, who serves as the head of state. The President is elected by popular vote for a five-year term and represents national unity. While the President has some executive powers, the role is largely ceremonial, with significant executive powers vested in the government.

The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President and chosen from the majority party or coalition in the Parliament. The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are responsible for the day-to-day administration and implementation of policies.

The legislative branch of Portugal is a unicameral institution called the Assembly of the Republic. It consists of 230 members who are elected through proportional representation for a four-year term. The Assembly of the Republic is responsible for enacting laws, approving the national budget, and overseeing the executive branch.

Portugal also has an independent judiciary. The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting and applying laws, ensuring justice, and protecting the rights of individuals. The Constitutional Court is the highest judicial authority in matters related to the constitutionality of laws and acts of the government.

Political parties in Portugal play a significant role in the political landscape. There are several political parties that compete in elections, and party affiliations often shape political alliances, policy platforms, and electoral strategies. The dominant parties in Portugal have varied over time, reflecting the democratic nature of the political system. Portugal is a member of the European Union (EU) and participates in its political and economic institutions. It also actively engages in international diplomacy and cooperates with other countries on various issues. Overall, the political structure of Portugal is characterized by a semi-presidential republic with a separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The country holds regular elections, allowing citizens to participate in the democratic process and choose their representatives at various levels of government.