Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in southern Africa, operating under a semi-presidential system. Its political structure is defined by a constitution, which was adopted in 2013 following a referendum. The President of Zimbabwe serves as the head of state and exercises executive power, while the Prime Minister post was abolished after the 2013 constitution. The president is elected by absolute majority vote through a two-round system.

The Parliament of Zimbabwe is bicameral, comprising the House of Assembly (the lower house) and the Senate (the upper house). The members of these bodies are elected to five-year terms. The Parliament is responsible for legislative duties, including amending the constitution, passing laws, and scrutinizing the work of the government.

Zimbabwean politics had been dominated by the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), led by Emmerson Mnangagwa following the ousting of long-time leader Robert Mugabe in 2017. The main opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), had been critical of the government, citing issues related to political corruption, economic mismanagement, and human rights abuses.

Zimbabwe’s political landscape is further complicated by economic challenges, including hyperinflation and unemployment, which have led to periodic bouts of civil unrest.