Sustainability Efforts
Country: Bhutan
Explore sustainability efforts in Bhutan. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) said it well when they state:
“Sustainability is based on a simple principle: Everything that we need for our survival and well-being depends, either directly or indirectly, on our natural environment. To pursue sustainability is to create and maintain the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony to support present and future generations.”
About Bhutan
Bhutan, nestled in the majestic Himalayas, mesmerizes with its untouched landscapes, ancient monasteries, and unique philosophy of Gross National Happiness. From the iconic Tiger’s Nest monastery to the serene valleys of Paro and Punakha, it offers a spiritual journey and breathtaking scenery. Bhutan’s vibrant festivals, such as the Thimphu Tshechu, showcase its rich cultural heritage. The country’s commitment to sustainability and preservation of its natural environment make it a haven for eco-tourism. Bhutan’s warm and welcoming people, known for their hospitality, add to its charm. With its blend of spiritual traditions, pristine nature, and a deep sense of harmony, Bhutan invites travelers to discover its serene beauty and experience a truly transformative journey. Sustainability efforts in Bhutan will enhance the country’s future.
Sustainability Efforts
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Bhutan has implemented various poverty alleviation programs, focusing on rural development, access to education, and healthcare. The country has seen a substantial decline in poverty rates, from 23.2% in 2007 to 8.2% in 2017. This achievement can be attributed to the government's commitment to inclusive growth and targeted social programs.
Bhutan has made remarkable progress in reducing hunger and improving food security. The prevalence of undernourishment has dropped from 24.1% in 2001 to 4.6% in 2019. This achievement has been possible through initiatives such as the National Food Security Policy, which emphasizes sustainable agriculture practices, increased crop productivity, and enhanced access to nutritious food.
Bhutan is dedicated to providing accessible and quality healthcare to its citizens. The government has invested in improving healthcare infrastructure, expanding the healthcare workforce, and implementing innovative health programs. As a result, Bhutan has made significant strides in reducing infant and maternal mortality rates, improving immunization coverage, and combating major diseases such as tuberculosis.
Bhutan places a high priority on education as a means to empower its citizens. The government has implemented policies to ensure universal access to quality education. Primary education is free and compulsory, and the country has achieved near-universal enrollment in primary schools. Bhutan also emphasizes the importance of cultural preservation and provides an education that combines traditional values with modern knowledge.
Bhutan recognizes the importance of gender equality in sustainable development. Efforts are being made to promote women's empowerment, eliminate gender-based violence, and ensure equal access to education and employment opportunities. Gender mainstreaming initiatives have been integrated into various policies, and women's representation in decision-making positions has improved over the years.
Bhutan has prioritized the provision of clean water and sanitation facilities to its citizens. Access to improved water sources has significantly increased, with 98% of the population having access to improved drinking water sources. The government is also working towards improving sanitation facilities, aiming for universal access to basic sanitation by implementing programs and promoting hygiene practices.
Bhutan has harnessed its abundant renewable energy resources, particularly hydropower, to promote affordable and clean energy. The country has set ambitious targets to achieve 100% clean energy production, primarily through hydropower generation. This commitment to sustainable energy has not only reduced dependence on fossil fuels but has also enabled Bhutan to export surplus electricity to neighboring countries.
Bhutan’s economic growth is guided by the principles of Gross National Happiness (GNH), prioritizing sustainable and equitable development over GDP. The government has implemented policies to diversify the economy, promote private sector growth, and invest in infrastructure development. Bhutan has achieved consistent economic growth rates over the years, driven by sectors such as hydropower, tourism, and agriculture.
Bhutan recognizes the importance of innovation and technology in driving sustainable development. The country has established institutions to support research and development, entrepreneurship, and innovation. Bhutan's focus on innovation extends to sectors such as agriculture, renewable energy, and digital infrastructure, fostering a culture of creativity and entrepreneurship.
Bhutan is committed to reducing inequalities and ensuring social inclusion. Policies are in place to address income disparities, provide social protection, and promote equal opportunities for all citizens. The government is actively working to bridge the gap between urban and rural areas, improve access to public services, and promote equitable distribution of resources.
Bhutan recognizes the importance of sustainable urban development and is actively working towards creating environmentally friendly and livable cities. The government has implemented policies to promote efficient land use, green building practices, waste management, and sustainable transportation. Bhutan's capital city, Thimphu, has been designated as a pedestrian-friendly city, with efforts focused on reducing traffic congestion and promoting non-motorized transport.
Bhutan is committed to promoting responsible consumption and production patterns. The government has implemented policies to reduce waste generation, promote recycling and resource efficiency, and encourage sustainable production practices. Bhutan's focus on Gross National Happiness includes the principle of sustainable and equitable socio-economic development, ensuring that consumption and production are balanced with environmental conservation.
Bhutan is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, despite being a carbon-negative country. The government has taken significant steps to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Bhutan has committed to remaining carbon-neutral and has set ambitious targets for renewable energy production and forest conservation. The country's focus on maintaining at least 60% forest cover contributes to carbon sequestration and climate regulation.
Bhutan is blessed with pristine rivers and lakes, and the government is dedicated to preserving its aquatic environment. Efforts are being made to conserve freshwater ecosystems, promote sustainable fisheries, and control pollution. Bhutan has implemented policies to regulate hydropower development and ensure the sustainable management of water resources while balancing energy needs.
Bhutan's commitment to environmental conservation is evident in its constitution, which mandates maintaining at least 60% forest cover for all time. The government has implemented rigorous conservation policies, including the establishment of protected areas, wildlife corridors, and community-based natural resource management. Bhutan's conservation efforts have resulted in the preservation of diverse ecosystems, rare species, and rich biodiversity.
Bhutan places great importance on peace, stability, and justice. The country has established robust institutions to uphold the rule of law, ensure access to justice, and protect human rights. Bhutan's peaceful transition to democracy in 2008 further strengthened its commitment to democratic governance and respect for human rights.
Bhutan recognizes the importance of partnerships and international cooperation in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The country actively participates in regional and global initiatives to share knowledge, best practices, and resources. Bhutan collaborates with international organizations, governments, and civil society to address common challenges and work towards achieving the SDGs.